What Link does is Adventure. To properly grasp Link’s place in his universe, you must spend most of your time in 3rd person. Placing ourselves inside something as an act of empathy or sympathy is easy. First person is unnecessary.So I know there's some lingo in this and it may be a little confusing if you're not a gamer or used to Tim's dense argumentative style, so to summarize this briefly without condescending to you, the reader, here's what I think he's saying:
The argument put forward by Idians in the past (and any offshoot of their mystique) is that nothing can be as immersive as the first person shooter. Arguably this is not the case. For one thing, you have no idea of a sense of self. When removing context (and no, a pair of wrists and hands holding the rear end of a shotgun that bobs and weaves like a combination between a river snake and a floppy dick does not offer much context), what you are left with is a living room filled with yourself, tv, and controller (or desk with monitor, mouse, and keyboard). The FPS perspective is alienating, not personable. For someone who approaches a work of art with the intention to be subjected to an experience, this perspective is effective. The fact that it is most often used to dump a Heavy Metal album cover into your face isn’t a limitation of the basic premise. Horror is typically and obviously about constrained perspective (Bioshock). But if your objective is to permit someone to play, in precisely the ways that playing and gaming differ from real life, then the focus has to be on permitting all those unreal things which life does not allow, to occur.
Basically it's more or less effortless to project yourself onto a character like Link or Mario because you see him existing in a particular space in a particular set of relations to other objects and bodies (such as treasure chests, goombas, question mark blocks, POW blocks, etc.), and from there you can ask yourself what this character would or should do in this physical space, which is maybe the beginning of asking yourself how he's feeling, or projecting your feelings onto him.
With a first person shooter on the other hand, you've got nothing at all to project onto because the only part of your character's body you can see is his hand and the weapon that hand is holding, and it's generally an ugly hand and a hideous weapon, and (Rogers doesn't say this but I think it's relevant) that anyway your vision on a TV screen is way worse than your vision in real life because for instance the aspect ratio is totally wrong and for another thing you can't turn your head in the game except by laboriously turning your whole body with a joystick you naturally think of as the "camera stick," and it can't help that to the extent that you do see your character in marketing materials or certain cinemas he's a loathsome hideous douche bag something like this:
This strikes me as very true. When I play a first person shooter I generally feel no immersion at all. I think it goes a long way in Fallout that you can zoom out from your character and play in third person whenever you like; not because the third-person view is functional (it isn't), but because it lets you take a moment to like and empathize with your character, however stiff and unnatural his or her animations may be. I find myself doing this regularly without giving it any thought at all.
What this has to do with writing is maybe sort of particular to my personal problems and development as a writer and maybe it's something you've thought about too. The thing is I believe in first-person narrators, or characters presented through very close third-person narration, far less than I believe in characters presented from an at least slightly distant third-person perspective. In fact when I have to spend a lot of time in the thoughts and ideas and feelings of a character I tend to find this extremely alienating. Unless the character is just totally charming, I hate it.
And but when presented with an extremely distant character such as one of Beckett's, I generally find my empathetic reaction is so powerful and immediate that if they were to stand in the right way or lay down just so I might begin to weep uncontrollably. Not being explicitly told how they feel makes me feel for them more, rather than less. I think this is partly because so much of the joy in reading lies in the exercise (intellectual and emotional) of closing (or failing to close) gaps and filling (or failing to fill) blanks, but also I think it's about the thing Tim Rogers is describing above.
Because the thing is I've been sort of grinding away at this problem for years: the problem of how to portray a character through semi-distant narration in a way that both excites the empathetic response of people like myself (who, I'm not bragging when I say, play it pretty fast and loose with our empathy) as well as the empathetic response of the sort of reader who seems to need a closer, more explicit narrator in terms of thoughts and feelings. Because clearly there are a lot of writers who can write prose that engages the empathy of both these sets of people.
And so what I thought I needed to do was attain sufficient distance so as to draw attention to the distance, which would invite the empathetic response of an audience that would feel challenged by said distance. And I think this is potentially a valid aesthetic choice, but I don't think it's a strategy that achieves what it was designed to do.
What I've come to believe, and what I'm trying to learn and understand and practice, is the part where Link or Mario relates with the other bodies and objects. By presenting a character more or less objectively, but with clarity and constant attention concerning his or her relations to surrounding bodies and objects (these relations being spacial/dramatic and instrumental), I can induce a reader to project on that character's body, and to imagine what that character could or should do, which is maybe the beginning of the reader asking how that character is feeling.
Or anyway this is how I'm thinking of it now. The trick is making this abstraction real enough to absorb it and enact it, and mind it.
Do you think this is at related to the distinction McCloud offers in one of his comics books (Understanding, maybe?) between cartoon-style drawings and more photorealistic (or objective, detail-oriented) drawings? If I recall he described the cartoon as like a sinkhole for the self, where the reader plops down into the vessel of the comic (or what would be 1st-person for us), whereas the less abstracted drawings force us to reckon with the detailed reality of another self and thus, presumably, reckon with the details of our own. Part of me senses that these are at least related issues, though I haven't played enough first-person shooters to be sure, really. But when I first read that bit from McCloud I felt like I had for the first time seen explicated perfectly something I've been struggling with in my own writing: a strange blend of hyper-detailedness with spurts of deliberate cartooning, such that I could induce some extremely uncomfortable ego-projections in the reader. It's something I struggle a lot with! I feel like the power of the abstract cartoon could make us as readers instantaneously project ourselves into some really literally dreadful--dread-inducing--situations, and for some reason as a reader that seems be what I really get off on.
ReplyDeleteryanp, It's been a while since I read McCloud (I think the point you're referencing was illustrated with a smiley face?), but as someone who has recently played shooters, I think you're accurately bridging his point here. Even the most modern FPSes I've played (which is not a huge number, but a few) do little to develop character beyond dropping a few terse lines of dialogue and maybe a character model seen briefly; it works, I suppose, because we're probably not playing FPSes for character development, etc, so much as for just action, challenge of shotgun sneaking someone, whatever. But when I think of immersive, memorable video game experiences I think, at least now, entirely of third-person or multi-character games with attention to specific traits. Having to learn to interpet those traits is part of what fosters connection, I think.
ReplyDeleteThe parallel I see here to writing is in the failure of connection inherent to a lot of first-person narrative. I do love first-person, but only when it serves to twist the story in a way third- or second- couldn't. When I think of the classical first-person story failure, it's usually failed because the writer is too plainly filling the space behind the camera with him or herself and not with a real separate character.
Mike, great post!
Ryan: I think that is related but that at this point I would say we're talking about two distinct but overrated issues. When we actually see an FPS character he's usually detailed and textured to the point of alienation -- thus my hatred for Duke Nukem. Even his hand and gun can be that way. And the most easily-empathized with FPS characters (the Half-Life guy, Master Chief, Samus Aran in Metroid, for instance) tend to be more iconic sort of ciphers than people. Almost everything in most FPSes is ugly, to the point where all you want to do is kill everything on the screen. It's vastly alienating.
ReplyDeleteBut what Rogers was emphasizing was the fact that there's nothing on the screen to really identify with or reject either way: you feel your body more than you feel for the character, because you're basically a roving camera with a gun in front of it.
I think in fiction though McCloud's argument (which I can tell you you describe accurately, as a guy who has read it way too many times) is more directly relevant. One of the other things he talks about is the way that a lot of comics will have abstracted, cartoony main characters and then put them into extremely detailed environments -- e.g., Tintin. If you want to alienate a character from the reader, you can make it more closely aligned with the environment and less available for identification by actually drawing it in a more detailed way, which actually moves you toward (hey! woah!) the uncanny valley; you see this in manga, as he points out, all the time.
A directly analogous technique exists in fiction: one of the chief ways to get people to empathize with a character is to describe something *else* rather extensively, using language inflected or chosen by that character. This casts the object or character being described as, well, an object, and the character describing or contributing description as the subject, one with a POV worth hearing. Of course things are complicated when (as so often in my stories) the character's description reveals both its object and subject as grotesque.
So yeah! It's complicated. I would say that Infinite Jest for instance is very much of the Tintin school: the characters are generally cartoons against the lushly-detailed backdrop of the world. It's a good way to work, I think.